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Metabolic alkalosis leads to a shift of potassium ions into cells. This physiological response is mainly due to the movement of hydrogen ions, which are typically exchanged with potassium ions across cell membranes. In a state of metabolic alkalosis, there is a decreased concentration of hydrogen ions in the extracellular fluid. To maintain electrochemical balance, cells tend to take up more potassium ions, causing a decrease in the potassium concentration in the serum.

The significance of this shift is relevant for understanding how metabolic alkalosis can lead to hypokalemia, a condition characterized by low potassium levels in the blood, potentially resulting in muscle weakness or cardiac arrhythmias. Recognizing this relationship helps in managing patients who are experiencing or at risk for metabolic abnormalities.